Hello, Guy's.
Welcome to CodeWithWebDev's blog. In this blog, we will talk about a few basic terminologies that you might have heard many times as a developer/ computer science enthusiast. We will also talk about the Internet and how it works.
So, let's get started.
The Topics Covered:
# Basic Jargons of the Internet
# Internet
What is the Internet?
The Internet is the world's most popular Computer Network. It is a network of networks based on the TCP/IP communications protocol. No one owns the
Internet, it is just there for everyone to use. You also cannot control who
can use the Internet, anyone with access to the data can access the
Internet.
The Internet can be accessed with the help of a web browser. Now many people think that the Web & the Internet is the same thing because of how popular the Web is, but it is not similar. A Web is just an application
on the Internet.
Internet is the International network of computers that are connected to
each other by wires, cables, radio waves, and satellites.
The Application's based on the Internet:
- World Wide Web (WWW)
- Telnet
- FTP
- etc.
# World Wide Web (WWW)
The World Wide Web is famously known as WWW or The Web is an information
space where documents and other web resources are published on the
Internet.
It was created by Tim Berners-Lee, a computer programmer in 1991. At that time it supported hyperlinks, through which you can browse from one document to another. But as of now, you can share almost anything such as audio,
video, images & much other interactive content.
It is a collection of public websites connected to the Internet worldwide,
together with the client devices such as computers, cell phones, etc. that can access its content. It is a collection of web pages grouped together as websites and hosted on the webserver. We will cover all these topics one by one.
We can access the Web by using Web Browsers such as Chrome, Firefox,
Safari, etc.
They allow us to surf through the information that is published on the
Internet.
# Internet vs World Wide Web
| WWW (World Wide Web) |
Internet |
|
It is a place where you can publish documents on the internet and also access the data on the Internet with the help of hyperlinks. |
The internet is a public network of a network either wired or
wireless, where there are servers and clients. |
|
The World Wide Web uses HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol). It is
said to be the language of the Web. |
Along with Internters, there also exist the Intranets, which is the same type of information network but more privatized in order to control access. |
| WWW is a more software-based service. It is based on the Internet just like email, torrent, etc. | Internet is primarily hardware-based. |
| The Web is governed by HTTP. |
The Internet works on rules or protocols set by the IP (Internet Protocol). |
# Basic Jargons of the Internet
These are the terms that you might have heard many times. These are the things that make the Web possible. So, we will try to cover a few so that
you can understand them and dig deeper.
1. Client
The Client is something that can access the Internet. Clients are
essentially your devices, anything that you use to connect to the Internet
is a client.
2. Server
The Servers are big computers that are used to store web pages, data, and other information that is available to you over the Internet.
When you visit a website your device i.e Client talks with the server to get the web page and the information that you need.
3. HTTP
What is HTTP?
HTTP stands for HyperText Transfer Protocol. This protocol is used to
transfer hypertext documents that make the World Wide Web possible.
Let's see google.com, this is called a URL, and if you check before
google.com you will find a prefix as HTTP or HTTPS, which indicates its
protocol.
4. FTP
FTP stands for File Transfer Protocol, it allows a user to virtually transfer any kind of file over the Internet from one Internet-connected computer to another.
5. SMTP
SMTP stands for Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Server. This server takes
care of delivering emails from one server to another.
6. TCP/IP
TCP stands for Transfer Control Protocol & IP stands for Internet
Protocol.
These are nothing but a few set of rules which define how the data should
travel through the web.
7. URL
URL stands for Uniform Resource Locator, it is used to specify addresses on
the World Wide Web.
It is a fundamental network identification for any resource connected to the web ex: webpages, images, etc. All have a specific URL or an address on the Web.
8. IP Address
The Internet Protocol Address is an address that the computer uses to identify each other on the web. Every network has a unique IP Address. No organization can use the same IP address. It is a unique Identification
provided to recognize the organization.
IPv4 is the internet standard which means that there are only 4
billion IP Addresses that can be there, but as they are exhausting we now
have more internet standards.
IPv6, it was introduced because IPv4 was nearly exhausted. IPv6 will
never be exhausted and we will never be out of IP Addresses.
9. ISP
ISP stands for Internet Service Provider. The companies who provide you service in terms of internet connection to connect to the Internet. It can
be the sim card you use or the wifi that you have at your home/office.
10. Web page
It is a page on the web, which contains information. The Information can be of any type, i.e text, images, audio, video, documents. Anything that you
want to share, you can share it on the web with the help of a web
page.
11. Website
A collection of various web pages written in HTML is called a
website.
It can either be a single page that you have put together or an endless amount of webpages grouped together. The first page of a website is called
the home page of that website from where we can navigate through the entire
website.
12. Web Server
A web server is a server software or hardware that is responsible to
satisfy the World Wide Web client request.
Every website is present on the webserver, when we try to access the website it sends a request which is then fulfilled by the webserver. Every web server has its own unique address.
13. Web Browser
They are software Installed on our PC, through which we can access the
Internet and surf through the web and find the information that we
need.
Ex: Chrome, Firefox, Safari, Edge, etc.
14. HTML
HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language is a standard text formatting
language of the World Wide Web (WWW) used for creating and displaying pages
on the web.
Hypertext is text that links to other information on the web.
Markup Language is a language of writing layout information within the document itself.
15. DNS
DNS stands for Domain Name Server, it is the name given to your website. As you cannot always remember the IP Address of your website, so you get your website a name and when you enter this name, the DNS looks up the address and then leads you to that site. Ex: google.com is the name and it also has an IP address, and when you enter this you are taken to that site.
It is basically a big address book.
Let's see how this works.
1. You go to your browser and enter the name of the site you want to visit.
The DNS will look up the site, and then provide you the original address of the site in the form of a URL.
2. When you click on this URL, it actually finds the IP Address and then
connects to the other computer using this IP Address.
3. The browser sends the HTTP request to the server asking if they can access this website and then send the content of the website to the client.
This communication takes place through TCP/IP.
4. Once the server approves the request, the site loads up and then you have access to the content of the site. Then the browser puts together all
the bits of data and shows you a complete website.
5. many things happen in the background, but this is the bare minimum that you should know.
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